An academic research network on

ONLINE EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM

What is VOX-Pol?

VOX-Pol is a world-leading research network on online extremism and terrorism. It is a global network, with 30 member institutions from 12 different countries across Europe, North and South America, Africa, Asia and Australasia. VOX-Pol researchers have expertise in jihadism, the extreme right and left, nationalist-separatist actors, and emerging forms of extremism.

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Highlights

Blog Post

Use of Coded Language by Far-Right Extremists Online: Emojis, Numbers, and Symbols Reinforce In-Group Identity

By Francesca Gentile and Isabella Gomez O'Keefe Our recent research, presented at the VOX-Pol Next Gen Conference in Prague, explored…

November 19, 2025

Blog Post

VOX-Pol Summer School 2026: Call for Participants

Louise Laing

The 2026 VOX-Pol Summer School is taking place at Swansea University, Singleton Campus, from Monday 22 to Friday 26 June…

November 18, 2025

Blog Post

New VOX-Pol Report: Negotiating Responses to Online Terrorism Threats in the EU

Louise Laing

VOX-Pol has published a new report ‘Negotiating Responses to Online Terrorism Threats in the EU: State-Platform Diplomacy 2015 – 2019’, written…

November 17, 2025

Online Library

Our Online Library collects in one place a large volume of publications related to various aspects of violent online political extremism.

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Latest Blog Posts

Blog

Use of Coded Language by Far-Right Extremists Online: Emojis, Numbers, and Symbols Reinforce In-Group Identity

November 19, 2025

By Francesca Gentile and Isabella Gomez O’Keefe Our recent research, presented at the VOX-Pol Next Gen Conference in Prague, explored how far-right extremist accounts on TikTok use coded language to evade content moderation systems in order to establish and reinforce in-group and out-group identities; recruit, radicalise, and mobilise individuals; and spread disinformation, conspiracy theories, and ...

Blog

Performing Politics from the Margins: How Radical Right Groups Construct Political Identity Online

November 12, 2025

By Keighley Perkins and Nuria Lorenzo-Dus Across the summers of 2024 and 2025, demonstrations and riots linked to the far-right reignited tensions over immigration and cultural belonging in the UK. Heated debates on our screens spilled onto the streets, exposing how radical right narratives are no longer confined to the fringe but are seeping into ...

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